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Numerous other Scientologist-run organizations and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses using Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directory sites of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE requires those who wish to end up being Hubbard management speaks with to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Federal government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a division of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This section needs expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to facilitate the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the kind of effective or highly regarded individuals. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has actually attained some trustworthiness as a religious beliefs in lots of countries, Scientology has actually likewise been explained as both a cult and a company.

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For instance, it has been noted to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Level playing field people it views as its opponents. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of scams, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be viewed as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church more information sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in a web poll run by the presidential shift group soliciting public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has slammed Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Liberty report, based upon the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with legally as a company, and not as a religion or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and many related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who try to use it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific elements of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was developed with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology. Under The Guardian's Office (later renamed the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and devoted among the largest penetration of United States federal firms ever committed by an organization not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal offense devoted by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unprecedented. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No person or company was free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past used aggressive strategies in addressing those it sees as attempting to reduce them, called Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first laid out by sites Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for Check This Out having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper known to have been managed by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb hazards in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.